If you’ve been struggling to afford groceries, you’re far from alone, and you’re not out of options. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, is the largest food assistance program in the U.S., helping millions of people put food on the table every month.
Whether you’ve never used government assistance before or just want a clearer understanding of how SNAP actually works, this guide is here to help. We’ll walk you through what the program is, who qualifies, how much you might receive, and what to expect if you decide to apply.
What Is SNAP?
SNAP stands for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, but you might hear people refer to it as “food stamps.” While the paper coupons are long gone, the purpose is still the same: to help low-income individuals and families afford groceries.
Instead of physical stamps, SNAP benefits are loaded onto a plastic card called an EBT (Electronic Benefit Transfer) card, which works like a debit card. You can use it at most grocery stores, many farmers’ markets, and some online retailers.
Who Can Get SNAP Benefits?
SNAP is designed to help households with low income and limited resources, but exact eligibility depends on several factors. While each state manages its own SNAP program, most follow federal guidelines. To qualify, you typically need to meet:
- Income limits: Based on your household size and gross monthly income. In 2025, for example, a single adult generally needs to earn less than around $1,632 per month before taxes to qualify.
- Resource limits: As of 2025, your household must have less than $3,000 in countable resources (like cash or bank accounts). If someone in the household is elderly or has a disability, the limit is higher. Certain resources, such as primary residences and certain vehicles, are not considered.
- Citizenship or immigration status: You must be a U.S. citizen or meet certain immigration status rules (like lawful permanent residents). Some non-citizens may qualify, but not all.
- Work requirements: Most able-bodied adults aged 18–49 without dependents must work or participate in a work program at least 20 hours per week. Some people may be exempt based on age, health, caregiving responsibilities, or other factors.
Even if you think you might not qualify, it’s often worth applying. Some people are surprised to learn they’re eligible based on their expenses or family size.
How Much Will You Get Each Month?
Your monthly SNAP benefit amount depends on your household size, income, and certain expenses (like housing and childcare). There’s no one-size-fits-all number. In 2025, the maximum monthly benefit for a household of one is around $292. For a family of four, the maximum is roughly $975, though most people receive less than the maximum.
The benefit amount is meant to supplement your food budget, not cover it entirely. If your income is low and your expenses are high, you’ll likely receive more.
What Can SNAP Be Used For?
SNAP benefits can be used to purchase a wide range of food items, but there are some limitations.
- Allowed:
- Fruits and vegetables
- Meat, poultry, and fish
- Dairy products
- Bread and cereal
- Snacks and non-alcoholic beverages
- Seeds and plants that produce food
- Not Allowed:
- Alcohol and tobacco
- Vitamins and supplements
- Hot food prepared for immediate consumption (like deli meals or takeout)
- Pet food, cleaning supplies, paper goods, or toiletries
Some states offer Restaurant Meal Programs for seniors, people with disabilities, or those experiencing homelessness, but this is limited.
Where Can You Use SNAP Benefits?
You can use your EBT card at:
- Most grocery stores and supermarkets
- Some farmers’ markets that accept EBT
- Certain discount stores (like Walmart or Target, depending on the location)
- Some online retailers, including Amazon, Walmart.com, and others in participating states
When using your card, you swipe it like a debit card and enter your PIN. If you buy both SNAP-eligible and ineligible items, the register will split the total automatically.
How Do You Apply for SNAP?
Each state has its own application process, but the basic steps are similar. Here’s what to expect:
- Submit an application: Depending on your state program, you may be able to apply online, by mail, or in person at your local social services or human services office.
- Provide documentation: You may need to show:
- Proof of identity
- Pay stubs or proof of income
- Rent or mortgage statements
- Utility bills
- Medical or childcare expenses
- Complete an interview: After you apply, you’ll have a phone or in-person interview with a caseworker. They’ll go over your information, ask clarifying questions, and explain the next steps.
- Wait for a decision: Most states respond within 30 days. If you’re in an emergency situation, like having very low income and resources, you may qualify for expedited SNAP, which is processed within 7 days.
Once approved, you’ll receive your EBT card in the mail, along with instructions on how to use it.
How SNAP Works for Households With Mixed Immigration Status
If some people in your household are eligible and others are not, you can still apply for SNAP, but only the eligible members will receive benefits.
For example, if you’re undocumented but have U.S.-born children, your kids may still qualify even if you don’t. You do not have to provide immigration status for anyone who isn’t applying for benefits.
Applying for SNAP does not affect your immigration status, and it is not considered a public charge under current federal policy. Many immigrant families skip applying because they’re unsure, but it’s worth checking to see what your family qualifies for.
What Happens After You’re Approved?
SNAP benefits are reloaded onto your EBT card every month on a specific date, which varies by state and sometimes by last name or case number. You’ll also need to:
- Recertify your eligibility every 6–12 months
- Report any major changes to your income, household size, or living situation
- Keep your contact info up to date so you don’t miss renewal notices
- If you lose your card, you can request a replacement from your state agency
What If You’re Denied?
If your application is denied, you have the right to ask why and request an appeal. Each state has a process for this, usually involving a hearing where you can present your case. Sometimes applications are denied due to missing paperwork or misunderstandings that can be corrected.
Other Places to Get Help With Food
Even if you don’t qualify for SNAP—or need more support—other programs and resources can help:
- Local food banks or pantries
- WIC, if you’re pregnant or have young children
- School meal programs for kids
- Commodity Supplemental Food Program (for seniors)
You can also call 211 or visit 211.org to be connected with local food and financial assistance in your area.
SNAP Is Here to Help—And You Deserve Support
Applying for SNAP can feel intimidating at first, especially if you’ve never used assistance before. But this program exists for a reason—to help people get through tough times and make sure families have enough to eat.
Whether you’re working, between jobs, raising kids, or dealing with unexpected medical or housing expenses, SNAP is there to help lighten the load. It’s not a handout—it’s a resource you’ve already helped fund through taxes, just like public schools or roads.
You don’t have to do it alone, and there’s no shame in asking for help. If you’re wondering whether SNAP is right for you, take that first step. Even if you don’t qualify, you might discover other programs that can help.
